Purpose: The main purpose of the study is to examine why people seek out to alternative media, and what information and needs they can’t get satisfied from the traditional medias in Sweden.

Method: Qualitative interviews with readers of the alternative media Samnytt.

Procedure: Ten interviews with readers of Samnytt were transcribed and analyzed using uses and gratifications theory and hostile media phenomenon.

Results: The results of this study show that readers of alternative media find the traditional medias reporting as inadequate and are therefore seeking to alternative media. The feeling the readers have is that the big media companies in Sweden are obscuring the truth. The readers feel the urge to read their news with an alternative agenda that does not obscure their view of Swedish society. The freedom of the press and speech is something that the readers feel is threatened since the traditional medias won’t write about all aspects of for example a crime or society in general. The reason for traditional medias to not omit details in their reporting is according to the readers of alternative media, that they have a political agenda to stand by, which summarily is why alternative media is needed in society.

This thesis aims to map participants in the public service program “Sommar i P1”. This is based on a representation perspective of which the following five factors: gender, age, ethnicity, geographical location and profession are central. Thus, the study intends to examine what representation looks like in the program. Furthermore, the study also means to research changes over time, of which the years are 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2021.

Study is based on representation theories by Jostein Gripsrud and Stuart Hall who believe that the media should represent all groups in society. In the absence of representation, stereotypes and constructed opinions about reality are created. Theorists therefore emphasize the importance of fair and varied reporting and portrayal of which particular groups and aspects are more vulnerable than others.

Method of choice is used with a deductive approach, in the form of a quantitative content analysis. Thereto the thesis uses statistical design which collects a large amount of information from analysis units – 291 hosts are coded according to 26 variables.

Results show that the representation in “Sommar i P1” in general is deficient. In summary, the
study shows that people aged 36-65, as well as people born, raised and living in a big city,
dominate the range of hosts. Also the majority of hosts work in either culture, media and design
industries and if one looks at the perspective of gender, women and men are equally represented. Furthermore it is noticed that the results within gender and profession are consequent over time, this unlike age where the mean value for women is increasing. Due to missing values within place of birth, upbringing and geographical location, changes can not be defined.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how six nationwide Swedish news mediums reported on the first part of the IPCC:s Fifth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, and compare it to the reporting of the first part of the Sixth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Thus we will compare our results between the different years and the different kinds of news mediums.

The four papers analyzed are Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Expressen and Aftonbladet. The two television news programs analyzed are SVT1 Rapport 19.30 and TV4 Nyheterna 19.00. The material that was analyzed consists of 173 articles and tv-segments,
published one week before and three weeks after the reports were published each year. Our material therefore extends from September 23d to October 21st, 2013, and from August 2nd to August 30th, 2021.

Previous research shows that journalists have a hard time fitting climate science into media logic. This is because slow processes like climate change and scientific hypotheses and prognoses about the future hold little news value. Because of this we wanted to examine how our chosen news media frames the issue of climate change and how well the news coverage
conveyed the research of the IPCC. Theories of media logic and framing were therefore used to guide our analysis and draw conclusions.

When designing our codebook we relied heavily on operational indicators of previous studies, including O’Neill, Williams, Kurz, Wiersma and Boykoff (2015) and Kunelius, Eide, Tegelberg and Yagodin (2017). We also used Ghersetti’s, Andersson Odén’s and Wallin’s (2008) operational indicators to classify the tone of the articles and tv-segments, for example if they were alarming or calming.

The results of the study show a considerable increase of news value around the IPCC report
with a 120 percent increase in articles and tv-segments between the years – of which the daily
papers mainly increased their amount of opinion articles, whereas the evening papers mainly increased their amount of news articles. In addition, the evening papers covered the climate
report more continuously than the other news mediums. We also see that 70 percent of our material from 2021 is of an alarming tone, which goes hand in hand with an increase in frames of disaster and local/specific concerns. We also see that the places that are reported on as affected by climate change are moving closer to Europe and Sweden. What we also see is that the news reporting is in accordance with the scientific research field, discussions about
scientific uncertainty occur quite rarely in 2013 and almost not at all in 2021.

Aim of thesis: The aim of this study is to examine how local Swedish crime reporters work with framing and news selection. Furthermore, what kind of ethical dilemmas that can arise when it comes to reporting on crime and the reporters’ reasoning behind them. To examine this, the questions this study will answer are how the crime reporters describe their journalistic ethical consideration regarding their work. Moreover, how do they describe their selection regarding events and how do they describe their framing when it comes to reporting
on crime.

Theoretical framework: This study is based on a theoretical framework consisting of media logic and framing theory. Framing theory was chosen regarding the selection of details, framing, the reporters make during their work as well as how they portray a crime. Furthermore, media logic was chosen because it explains how news is presented, which events that ultimately turn out to be news and the reasoning behind the process.

Methods(s): The study was implemented through qualitative interviews. The material consists
of nine in-depth interviews with crime reporters from Swedish local newspapers. The interviews were thereafter transcripted and resulted in about 10 pages for each interview.

Results: The study found that the local perspective is distinctly present when it comes to the reporter’s ethical reasoning. Each of them describes the selection of details as a balancing act between making the article exciting to read, but at the same time preserving the integrity of the people involved. Additionally, the results concluded that the severity of the crime plays a great part regarding the reporter’s news selection. The reporters themselves also gave examples of techniques used to incorporate subtle sensationalism. However the reasoning behind it in their point of view is to provide good journalism rather than commercial reasons.

The purpose of this essay is to study the media framing of Swedish minister of finance Magdalena Andersson during the fall of 2021, when she was the primary candidate for the role as the leader for the Social Democratic Party and later became Sweden’s first female prime minister.

The essay will study the media representation of Andersson from three Swedish newspapers: “Aftonbladet”, “Dagens Nyheter” and “Svenska Dagbladet”. The focus in this study is how the media representation of Magdalena Andersson is affected by her sex, since no woman in Swedish politics has ever had the role as prime minister. The essay investigates the news coverage from three main Swedish newspapers, from the candidacy to the election. The study is based on a quantitative content analysis of the presence, focus and description of Magdalena Andersson and has coded the articles based on variables in SPSS. The variables are taken from theories of framing and gender. The three different newspapers have different political roots. “Aftonbladet” is independent social democratic, “Dagens Nyheter” is independent liberal and “Svenska Dagbladet” is independent moderate. We have chosen newspapers with varying political positions to investigate possible differences in framing of Magdalena Andersson that could depend on political roots.

Results: One result was that November was the month with the most articles. We found that logical
considering the large and important political events which involved Magdalena Andersson during that month, she had to be approved as prime minister twice. We did find various adjectives in the
articles we studied, but we thought we would find more adjectives than we did. However, the
adjectives we did find, some of them, can be described as only being used on females or female
politicians. We suspect the lack of major focus on Anderssons gender has to do with the focus on
the political work she had as minister of finance and party leader.

The purpose of this study was to examine how four major Swedish newspapers reported about the conflict in Afghanistan, that became relevant again following the evacuation of the country, which led to the Taliban takeover. The aim was to research how the newspapers wrote about Afghanistan in both 2001 and 2021 to see if there are any differences or
similarities between the newspapers in the reporting. The study also aimed to see if there are
any possible changes to the overall reporting that came with the higher involvement of Sweden in Afghanistan.

In the theoretical framework of this study three different kinds of theories were used to analyse the results. These were media logic, news evaluation and framing. The study used a quantitative content analysis to analyse articles from the four major Swedish newspapers. These newspapers were: Aftonbladet, Expressen, Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter. The authors coded the articles that were produced over a fifteen-day-period of the conflict.
Seven days before the official date that Sweden left and seven days after. The reporting from 2001 was based on the results of Nord and Strömbäck´s study of Afghanistan from 2002.

In 2021 the newspapers produced a total of 238 articles about Afghanistan in 15 days. The total is lower than 2001´s when the newspapers produced 272. This shows that the news value was higher in 2001 as more articles per day was produced. The higher Swedish involvement in Afghanistan did not increase the news value of the conflict, despite the 2021 reporting having more articles with a Swedish perspective. The morning newspapers, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet, wrote more articles about the conflict compared to the evening newspapers, Aftonbladet and Expressen. But the evening newspaper used more pictures in their reporting. What the results also showed was how the main topic of each reporting was influenced by the most impactful incidents at the time. In 2001 USA invaded Afghanistan and the newspaper´s main topic in the articles therefore became about war events. By contrast, the 2021 reporting main topic was about the evacuation of the country. Articles with this theme was about the potential threat of the Taliban to Afghanistan´s population and how Swedish citizens still left in the country would be evacuated. Elite sources were often referenced in both conflicts with politicians being the most frequent one. The study overall can be used an example of how war and other foreign conflicts is reported in the modern landscape of journalism and why it remains important to report on these conflicts.