Swedish sports journalism are often criticized of giving too much attention to teams from big cities in general, and particularly to teams from Stockholm. It´s also a given in sports journalism that a good performance, like a victory in an import game, should result in some media attention. But what happens when these two criteria is opposed against each other? What is most important according to Swedish sports writers; the team from the big city or the winning team? We made a quantitative content analysis on the last ten seasons, 2005 – 2014, of the top Swedish football league, Allsvenskan. But our interest was not to examine every match; our analysis is based on every match where the big city team has lost to a smaller team. During these ten seasons 241 games were played where a smaller team wins against a big city team. We have studied Aftonbladets main article from all these games and, with help from certain theoretical tools, been deciding which team has got the main role in the article. We have been studying the headlines of the articles and which team that it is mainly referring to. Adding to this we’ve also been studying who is quoted in the entrance of the article. We have been analyzing the article picture to decide which team has the main role in it. We have also decided if the article is about one specific person or about the team. By comparing our results with older studies we can say that Aftonbladet gives losing big city teams much more attention than other losing teams. Almost more than half of the headlines focuses on the losing big city team. That number should be put in comparison to older studies saying that Aftonbladet focuses on the winning team in 79 per cent of the main articles. It seems that Aftonbladet thinks it´s at least as important to be a big city club as it is to win the game. We can also show that it´s more common that an article has a one-person-angle when it´s focused on the winning smaller team. It seems that a smaller team depends more on having big name players in their squad to get attention than big city teams have. Being located close to Aftonbladets office in Stockholm is a factor that seems to be important if you are a smaller team and wants attention. The teams that have the toughest time to get attention are located far from Stockholm. They have quite the same results during the last ten seasons as many teams closer to Stockholm but doesn´t get close to the same amount of attention. We can also show that a team that has been successful over a certain amount of time has a better chance of getting media attention, regardless where in Sweden they are located. It seems though that the smaller team has to have been successful in the later years. It doesn´t seem to be enough to have won the league two times in the last 20 years to get attention.

In this study we have looked at medias portrayal of Margot Wallström with the ambition to explore how female polititicans are portrayed in Swedish media. We have done this by a critical discourse analysis on articles from the two biggest daily- and evening papers in Sweden, with a total of 16 articles. We have stood upon the theoretical foundation consisting of gender research, media effects research and discourse research. The gender research has given us explanations and manifestations of the difference between the media portrayal of men and women. The research on media effects has been our way to firmly establish the relevance of our study in a societal perspective. And lastly, the research on discourses has given us the understanding and the tools to go through with our study. To ascertain how gender is portrayed, in the portrayal of Margot Wallström in Swedish media, we developed three analytic themes to apply on our material. Those themes are The Mans Favorite, which focuses on Margot Wallströms private and professional relationships, The Female Self-Thinker, which focuses on her role as a politician, and Politician and Mother, which focuses on her role as a mother. We found that Margot Wallström through her career as a politician has travelled from the role as a mother to the role of a politician. Her family and the matters of her private life has been all over the Swedish press over the years, and her personality has been a big part of the description of her as a politician. Although she is not explicitly mentiones as a female politician more than a few times, she is indeed seen as a woman in politics.

This study examines how the Swedish newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet report about hiv and aids. We start our analysis in the summer of 1987 when the famous designer Sigshten Herrgård reveals that he is hiv-infected, which causes a massive press coverage. To see how the reporting changes over time we compare the articles from that summer with how the epidemic was covered by the press in 1997 and 2007. Totally we have studied 355 articles. We chose the theme partly because of Torka aldrig tårar utan handskar (2012), a Swedish tv-serie about the lives and deaths of young homosexuals in Stockholm in the 80’s. It is based on a book serie written by the author and playwright Jonas Gardell who is critical to how media covered hiv and aids when it first came to Sweden. According to him the reporting was alarming and he refers to an article that described hiv as a punishment for people with an immoral lifestyle – homosexuals, prostitutes and drug addicts. We wanted to see if this really was what the reporting was like in the 80’s and what have changed since then. Our results shows that Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet often mention homosexuals, drug addicts and prostitutes in the reporting about hiv and aids. It is most common in 1987 but risky groups can be found in some of the articles from 1997 and 2007 as well. We can also see that the hiv-infected people very seldom get to express their view about the issue, instead it is experts, organizations and authorities that are the main actors as subjects in the reporting. We can determine that journalists often use words with a negative value in the articles about hiv and aids, such as promiscuous, non-human and reckless attitude. There has been an increasing amount of people getting hiv in Sweden, while the amount of articles in Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet have decreased.

Title: The World is Calling – A study of international news flow into swedish newspapers Authors: Ida Mikko & Daniel Ågren Level: Bachelor of Journalism Location: University of Gothenburg Language: Swedish Number of pages: 27 This essay aims to investigate the international news flow into Sweden through the key national news agency TT (Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå) and further through four major Swedish newspapers onto the public market. Our chosen method is a quantitative content analysis where we look at the output from TT and aforementioned newspapers with the goal to study and analyze differences. The relevancy of this topic can be explained through agenda setting theory, which shows us that the media has a powerful impact on public opinion and the political agenda. In an increasingly globalized world, no country stands alone. Swedish foreign news stems to a great extent from international news services (gathered through TT or directly by the newspapers themselves). More in detail, our study examines representation in terms of geography, topics, and primary sources in our analyzed media. We have found previous research which suggests that Swedish foreign news reporting strongly corresponds with the large international bureaus. Given the amount of material TT gathers from these agencies, TT gets to act as a primary and important gatekeeper to the Swedish language sphere in many cases. The examined newspapers show many similarities with TT in terms of news selection, however we also discovered some surprising differences which will be discussed in the essay.

Authors: Johannes Andersson, Kim Karlsson and Daniel Sandström Title: The development of crime reporting Level: Bachelor of Journalism Location: University of Gothenburg Language: Swedish Number of pages: 59 Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how the Swedish crime reporting has changed over time. Question at issue: How do the Swedish newspapers describe the criminality? In what way do the Swedish newspaper describe the offenders in crime-related articles? How has the Swedish crime reporting changed over time? Method and material: Quantitative content analysis of the two newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Göteborgs-Posten. Main result: The Swedish newspaper’s way of describing the criminality has changed over time. During the investigated period of time the frequency of crime reports in the editorial material has dropped. In 2010 the crime report consisted mainly of crime reports regarding offence against the person. That was not the case in 1990. In some ways the newspapers are restrictive in what they are writing and in some ways they are not. Although the Swedish rules of press ethics say to be restrictive describing an offender’s gender or age the newspapers are not. Writing about the ethnicity of an offender is on the other hand very uncommon.

This study was made with the incentive to find out the view on advertorials in Swedish press today. Our exploration of advertorials refers not only to adverts that look like editorial texts, as per the definition in the oxford dictionaries, but also to ways that editorial texts use an advertorial style or language similar to adverts. We explored both these sides because we recognized that the existence of advertorials in press today has to do with material which is indistinctive in several ways, and to find out the views on this, we interviewed chief editors and publishers on six local daily newspapers in Västra Götaland, Sweden. Our theories were based in the fact that the press finds itself working in a commercialized landscape, at the same time as journalism has a democratic role to uphold in society. We also considered that there used to be a committee against advertorials in Sweden called Textreklamkommittén, which was disbanded in 2005. That committee had a mandate to govern and try cases of advertorials in the press, but today, the only thing that journalists have to consider is a guideline of publishing matters. The central part of our study was therefore to find out what actual issues journalists have to consider in their daily work, as they are exposed to various forms of advertorials. After conducting the interviews, we asked four analytical questions to our material using the ECA-method of analysis. Those four questions were: What is viewed as advertorials today? In what ways can advertorials be an issue? Are advertorials an issue today? What has brought on the view with which advertorials are looked on today? What we found was that there seems to be a consensus amongst the journalists that we interviewed regarding what is considered to be advertorials. But despite this, they all differ in the ways that they work with and interpret the material. There is a difference in how the journalists work with advertorials given their economic situation, which is seen in relation to small and big newspapers. At the same time, they all realize that the presence of advertorials can threaten the credibility of the journalistic content. But despite this, there is a general belief between them, that a committee against advertorials no longer is needed.

Authors: Philip Trollér & Jasmin Frljevic Title: A sharp striker or forward Level: Bachelor of Journalism Location: University of Gothenburg Language: Swedish Number of pages: 62 All throughout time the Swedish language has been influenced by various external languages. And throughout the years many loanwords have been introduced to the Swedish vocabulary. And this phenomenon occurs in the texts written by Swedish sport journalists. But in what extent do loanwords from the English vocabulary occur in texts written by Swedish sportjournalists, in what types of texts they can be found. And also why the usage of loanwords occur. The purpose of our study is to find out how frequent English loanwords are in Swedish sports journalism. We carried out a quantitative content analysis on two major Swedish newspapers, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet, in their coverage of the World Cup in football the years 2006 and 2014. And also if there is a difference between the Swedish daily press and the Swedish evening papers. We analyzed 495 articles in total, during these two world cups, and found that loanwords appeared in 20 percent of these 495 articles. Where most of these loanwords were found when the World Cup 2006 was analyzed. And primarily in chronicles. We also found that the amount of texts written about the World Cup 2014 was smaller. Our conclusions are that the usage of loanwords is primarily because sports journalists need a broad vocabulary when writing about sports. They are used in order to produce a better text and also create a feeling for their readers. When it comes to the usage of direct quotations from English phrases these might be misinterpreted if they are translated to Swedish, and also lose what the meaning of the usage was. To create a feeling for the readers.

In our bachelor thesis we have strived to examine the representation of journalism students in Nicaragua. The freedom of press is much lower compared to Sweden and the journalist profession is protected by a certificate. It is also a high level of corruption within the country. Our investigation concerns who has access to the journalist education and the goal is to compare that with the public in Nicaragua. To be able to examine the representation among the journalism students we have chosen seven different aspects to examine, the sex of the student, witch social class they belong to, their academic background, religion, ethnicity, geographical belonging and political view. In order to compare the journalism students to the public we collected information about the public and investigated the same aspects of representation as among the journalism students. The question of representation becomes interesting when compared to the possibility or restriction of access to the journalistic field. The thesis focuses on the social construction within the group of journalism students and the social construction of the Nicaraguan society. To identify the social structure within the group we have used Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory. His concepts of habitus, social fields and symbolic capital have helped us to identify the positions of journalism students within the field of journalism education. It has also helped us to discern which social positions that is more common within the field and which groups have difficulty gaining access to the field. In order to reach our thought out exam group we spent one month in the capital of Nicaragua, Managua, handing out a survey to journalism students on three different universities. The result was 594 surveys to bring back home to Sweden. These surveys are the heart of our thesis and from them we have gathered information about the student’s representation. Our thesis shows that the journalism students in Nicaragua to a very high extent come from families with academic traditions and that their income is higher than the average Nicargauan family. This need for economic and cultural capital determines who can access the field of journalism education and from there the field of the journalistic profession. This means that the field of journalism in Nicaragua is not open for all but is limited by your socioeconomic background, which is predetermined from birth.