Authors: Nanna Isaksson and Fredrik Östberg Title: Who is the typical TV-host on Swedish television? Level: Bachelor of Journalism Location: University of Gothenburg Language: Swedish Number of pages: 57 TV-hosts have a pivotal role in television. They are the link between the content of the show and its viewers. We didn’t find any relevant studies about TV-hosts in Sweden and decided to carry out a study that would tell us more about them as a group. The purpose with this study was to find the answer to the question: Who becomes a TV-host in Sweden today? By looking at the current TV-hosts through the eyes of a viewer we set out to try to construct the preferred Swedish TV-host. We used a quantitative content analysis on all the hosts on Swedish productions that aired during the month of November 2014. We did not include the regular news shows in our study, because we consider the role of a news anchor to be a field of its own and very different to the role of a TV-host. We used three main aspects for our analysis: gender, age and ethnic background that we applied on all the hosts, but we did this from a viewer’s perspective. We asked ourselves the question: How does this person appear to us as viewers? And then we categorized them through our aspects. TV is a visual medium, and whether you like to admit it or not you’re constantly judging TV-hosts and feel the need to voice your opinion on their performance. We used this method because we wanted to get to the core of what a TV-host is. If you analyze them through a viewer’s perspective you see what the people at the channels that appointed them as hosts want you to see. All in all we analyzed 112 TV-hosts. Some of the hosts in our study appeared more than once, because they were hosting more than one show that aired during the duration of our study. What we looked at was not the number of hosts but the number of roles as TV-hosts within the shows that was included in our study. What was important was to see what kind of person featured as a host, not who. We found out a lot. First of all almost half of the roles as host were occupied by people within the age group 40-49 years old. Female hosts were more common than male (53 percent) and only six percent of roles as host were somebody with a non- Scandinavian ethnic background. As we dived deeper into our numbers we looked at different genres. We found out that women are preferred as hosts in shows that were in the field of Society and facts (66 percent) whereas men were preferred in shows that were in the biggest of our genres, the field of Entertainment, leisure and culture. We looked at the hosts that featured during prime-time, which in Sweden occurs between 8pm and 10pm. In the shows that were broadcasted during prime-time male hosts (53 percent) were preferred to female hosts. We were getting closer to answering our main question. Both younger – 29 years or younger (two percent of the total amount of hosts) – and older hosts – 60 years old or older (four percent) – were marginalized in our study. They didn’t feature at all in certain areas. We could however conclude that young hosts tend to do shows that cater to young people and older hosts tend to do the same towards older people. What was the answer to our main question then? We concluded that the preferred Swedish TV-host is a male whose ethnic background is Scandinavian and is between 40-49 years old. This was largely down to the fact that men tended to be hosting the shows that had the highest ratings (the ones that were broadcasted during primetime) and that they occupied the majority of roles as host within Entertainment, leisure and culture – which was the largest genre of our study.

Authors: Philip Trollér & Jasmin Frljevic Title: A sharp striker or forward Level: Bachelor of Journalism Location: University of Gothenburg Language: Swedish Number of pages: 62 All throughout time the Swedish language has been influenced by various external languages. And throughout the years many loanwords have been introduced to the Swedish vocabulary. And this phenomenon occurs in the texts written by Swedish sport journalists. But in what extent do loanwords from the English vocabulary occur in texts written by Swedish sportjournalists, in what types of texts they can be found. And also why the usage of loanwords occur. The purpose of our study is to find out how frequent English loanwords are in Swedish sports journalism. We carried out a quantitative content analysis on two major Swedish newspapers, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet, in their coverage of the World Cup in football the years 2006 and 2014. And also if there is a difference between the Swedish daily press and the Swedish evening papers. We analyzed 495 articles in total, during these two world cups, and found that loanwords appeared in 20 percent of these 495 articles. Where most of these loanwords were found when the World Cup 2006 was analyzed. And primarily in chronicles. We also found that the amount of texts written about the World Cup 2014 was smaller. Our conclusions are that the usage of loanwords is primarily because sports journalists need a broad vocabulary when writing about sports. They are used in order to produce a better text and also create a feeling for their readers. When it comes to the usage of direct quotations from English phrases these might be misinterpreted if they are translated to Swedish, and also lose what the meaning of the usage was. To create a feeling for the readers.

In our bachelor thesis we have strived to examine the representation of journalism students in Nicaragua. The freedom of press is much lower compared to Sweden and the journalist profession is protected by a certificate. It is also a high level of corruption within the country. Our investigation concerns who has access to the journalist education and the goal is to compare that with the public in Nicaragua. To be able to examine the representation among the journalism students we have chosen seven different aspects to examine, the sex of the student, witch social class they belong to, their academic background, religion, ethnicity, geographical belonging and political view. In order to compare the journalism students to the public we collected information about the public and investigated the same aspects of representation as among the journalism students. The question of representation becomes interesting when compared to the possibility or restriction of access to the journalistic field. The thesis focuses on the social construction within the group of journalism students and the social construction of the Nicaraguan society. To identify the social structure within the group we have used Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory. His concepts of habitus, social fields and symbolic capital have helped us to identify the positions of journalism students within the field of journalism education. It has also helped us to discern which social positions that is more common within the field and which groups have difficulty gaining access to the field. In order to reach our thought out exam group we spent one month in the capital of Nicaragua, Managua, handing out a survey to journalism students on three different universities. The result was 594 surveys to bring back home to Sweden. These surveys are the heart of our thesis and from them we have gathered information about the student’s representation. Our thesis shows that the journalism students in Nicaragua to a very high extent come from families with academic traditions and that their income is higher than the average Nicargauan family. This need for economic and cultural capital determines who can access the field of journalism education and from there the field of the journalistic profession. This means that the field of journalism in Nicaragua is not open for all but is limited by your socioeconomic background, which is predetermined from birth.

The world today is not an equal place. We see children starve, people being discriminated and women’s rights being neglected. The media coverage of women’s sports is no exception. In this study we have explored the difference between men’s and women’s media coverage in Swedish sports journalism. This has been done by using quantitative method together with interviews in order to define why the coverage is the way it is. Our theoretical points of departure are gender theories, identification theory and the news value theories gatekeeping and agenda setting. A central part of our study has been to analyze which factors determine how much space women’s sports get in Swedish media today and if it’s possible to change these. Our main research questions have been: – How is the space divided between men’s sports and women’s sports in SVT, TV4, Sportbladet and Sportexpressen? – Why is the space divided the way it is? We found that Swedish media covers women’s sports much less than men’s sports. In general, men’s sports take 80 percent of the media coverage and women’s sports take the remaining 20.The reasons for this could be the lack of female sport journalists, the economic interests of media and/or the overall public interest in women’s sports. These factors depend on each other. Therefor we have come to the conclusion that we need more women in the sports journalism field in Sweden, both as reporters and on the executive posts to make sports and sports media coverage more equal.

Title: “Du är partiledare (…) men inte minst en helt vanlig människa” – En studie av partiledarnas framträdanden i Nyfiken på partiledaren. Authors: Marcus Alakangas and Martin Ridderstolpe Subject: Undergraduate research paper in journalism studies, Dept. of journalism, media and communication (JMG) Gothenburg University Term: Spring 2014 Supervisor: Mats Ekström, JMG, Gothenburg University Purpose: Our main purpose is to examine whether there is a pattern of similarities to which the Swedish party leaders adapt to in their narratives and presentation of self in the television show Nyfiken på partiledaren. Method: Etnographic Content Analysis Procedure: The first part of all eight episodes was transcribed and analyzed from the perspective that the interviewee is doing a presentation of self. Results: There are tendencies that the party leaders adapt to similar patterns in their narratives and presentation of self. The main aspect of that is in the way they portrait themselves as ordinary persons that people can relate to. Another aspect is that the narratives they put forth are in coherence with their political views. The private and political personas of the party leaders intertwine.

The purpose with our study was to see if and how the amount of articles regarding different sports has changed during the last three decades. If it had changed our target was to se how and why it had changed. We have performed a quantitative content analysis. In the analysis we have studied the two national Swedish newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet. In doing so we have created two synthetic weeks in each of the years 1986, 1999 and 2012. In total we coded almost 2000 articles. In our analysis we used the theories about the commercialization of journalism. Our thesis where that an eventual change could have to do with the commercialization of sports journalism, something that has escalated during the last decades. What we found in our study was that two sports dominate Swedish press, football and ice hockey. That was the case in all of the three years in our study. The difference though is that the two sports share was considerably larger in the latter years of our study, with an exception of football in Aftonbladet where we could see a slight decline from 1999 to 2012. That was anyway compensated by the fact that the number of large articles was greater in 2012. Our conclusions was that we could see a change in the share of different sports in the Swedish press but that the change mainly is that the large sports have received even more attention in the press. We cannot be completely sure that the change is an effect of the commercialization of journalism. What we can say though, is that it probably is an effect of the commercialization with support of statistics regarding television ratings and live attendance.

Title: Det bortglömda valet? – En kvantitativ undersökning av mediernas bevakning kring Europaparlamentsvalet 2009 Authors: Elin Kullander and Sara Lundin Subject: The media coverage of the election of the European parliament 2009 Term: Spring 2014 Supervisor: Mats Ekström, JMG, Gothenburg University Pages/words: 44/11 065 Purpose: The purpose has been to investigate how great the media coverage was on the European parliament elections in 2009 and then compare the result to previous elections. The discussion is based on media’s role as a multiplier in a democracy. Method: We have used a quantitative method and studied the media coverage in four Swedish newspapers 23 days before the Swedish election on 7th of June 2009. Results: We have come to the conclusion that media is in fact meeting its democratic role as a multiplier, in any case as long as we only take in conclusion the amount of articles that has been published. We have seen that the media coverage for the first time has increased both in number of articles and in how big the articles were. However, we have to take into account that this does not have to mean a “greater” amount of democracy since we have not done a more qualitative analysis of the information. On subjects it seems that the articles more and more concern the low voter turnout and less about different subjects which the parliament is actually deciding about.

This bachelor thesis focuses on metropolitan morning newspapers in Sweden and their relationship with advertisers. Various forces in society have led to changes in partnerships between metropolitan newspapers and advertisers, which have previously only had small amounts of data. In these particular newspapers, it is common to find editorial advertisement supplements. The reason these supplements are included, their benefits and how they can affect the paper’s credibility have not previously been investigated. I have researched how the changed collaborations between the metropolitan morning newspapers and advertisers look today; including the contact, power and dependence they have on one another. I have also examined the newspaper’s advertising departments affect the credibility of the journalistic product linked to the editorial advertisement supplements. I have furthermore examined the trends and tendencies of advertisement in metropolitan newspapers. The purpose of this study is to describe the phenomena I have investigated and based on my findings give an overall perspective of how it looks in general at metropolitan morning newspapers; there similarities, differences and what these depend upon. For the purpose of being objective and not allowing personal opinions ruin the reliability of my research, I have chosen to interview two persons at each of the newspapers that I selected. This is justified by the fact that decisions concerning partnerships with advertisers and evaluations of advertisements potential impact on the credibility are rarely taken by a single employee. The results from my research regarding metropolitan morning newspaper’s relationship with advertisers can, in some cases, be linked to changes that have occurred in society. In other situations, decisions were made internally at the papers regarding their relationships and amount of cooperation. The results, although partly predicted, have shown surprises that were not anticipated. Overall, it provides a picture of how the relationships and the cooperation between the newspapers and advertisers exist today, and to some extent, how it might look in the future.