This bachelor thesis is a critical study in which we are studying if the swedish reports of the so called “second revolution” in Egypt have been objective. We have been studying this by using Jörgen Westerståhls objectivity model and we have chosen to investigate whether the reports have been objective balance-wise. The second revolution is a term which describes the protests and demonstrations that led to the military action in which the elected president Muhammad Mursi were forced to resign on the 4th of July, 2013 The study includes articles from five leading Swedish newspapers, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Göteborgs-Posten and Svenska Dagbladet. We have been studying all the articles that include the word “Egypt”. We have been studying how the different participants have been treated by the news media by looking at how many times they get to speak for themselves and how many times they have been mentioned by others and in which way they were mentioned, with praise or criticism. The participants we have defined and studied are the Muslim Brotherhood, the military and the different groups and organizations we have chosen to call the “opposition”. We have also studied where the articles take place to determine whether the reports have been geographically balanced and what the articles is about to see if the reports have been concentrated around the conflict or if it focuses on other topics. We have been studying articles that were published between the 17th of June until the 21st of July, 2013. Two weeks before Mursis resignment, the week of the resignment and two weeks after. Our results show that the reports have been unbalanced in how the different participants are treated in the news media and we have come to the conclusion that they are not objective balance-wise. The military forces are mentioned in a large amount of the articles but they seldom get to speak for themselves. The Muslim Brotherhood and the opposition get to talk about the same amount of times but there is a difference in how they are mentioned. The Brotherhood is more criticized while the opposition is mentioned slightly more positive or neutral. Our results also show that a very large amount of the articles take place in the capital city Cairo. Some articles are about Egypt as a nation but there were very few articles that took place in another town or place than Cairo.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om, och i så fall på vilket sätt, mångfalden i innehållet förändras i två konkurrerande tidningar på samma ort när de får en gemensam ägare. För att belysa detta har vi valt att genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys titta närmare på nyhetsmaterialet i tidningarna Gefle Dagblad (GD) och Arbetarbladet (AB) som sedan 2003 ägs av koncernen Mittmedia. Tidningarna har länge varit ärkerivaler i regionen. Den liberala GD har historiskt sett varit starkare i huvudorten Gävle medan AB varit starkare i de mindre kommunerna av spridningsområdet. En sådan maktfördelning är generellt sett vanlig när det gäller borgerlig och socialdemokratisk press. Centrala begrepp i denna uppsats är således ägarkoncentration och mångfald. I strävan att mäta mångfalden i tidningarnas innehåll utgår denna studie från medieforskaren Denis McQuails teorier om olika dimensioner av mångfald. De tre viktigaste av dessa dimensioner i denna uppsats är de som behandlar: 1) geografisk täckning, 2) innehåll i form av vilka ämnen som tas upp i nyhetsmaterialet och 3) vilka aktörer som får komma till tals. Vårt huvudsakliga fokus riktas mot dimensionen geografisk täckning då detta är en mångfaldsaspekt som är relativt outforskad i svensk forskning på ämnet. Uppsatsen redogör även för vissa ekonomiska drivkrafter som talar för att olika förändringar och uppdelningar mellan samägda tidningar kan vara ekonomiskt gynnsamma att genomföra. Nyckelfrågan i denna studie är således: Har det skett en förändring i hur stor utsträckning tidningarna rapporterar från de respektive orterna i spridningsområdet, och i så fall, hur ser denna förändring ut? Studien visar att det har skett en förskjutning i den geografiska täckningen i GD som sedan förvärvet av AB fokuserat allt mer på nyhetsrapportering från Gävle. Detta betyder att det i vissa kommuner i spridningsområdet knappt längre går att tala om två tidningar som konkurrerar med den lokala nyhetsbevakningen. För den enskilde medborgaren i vissa kommuner har det skett en förändring av mångfalden i det lokala nyhetsmaterialet.

Att sälja en journalist – Hur dagstidningar marknadsför sina journalister Written by: Jonatan Fjelstad & Viktor Mölne Bachelor´s degree of Journalism Department of Journalism, Media & Communication. Autumn term 2013 University of Gothenburg The purpose of this study is to determine if Swedish newspapers has increased the visibility of their own journalists between the years 2000 and 2012 and if that’s the case how they have done so. By doing so we hope to shed some light on how individual journalists are increasingly personalized and how this can be part of the newspapers branding strategy. The journalist’s personal brands have been the subject of more research lately. But from the perspective of the newspaper itself, not much has been studied. We have utilized a broad theoretical approach with its foundation in commercialization and some personalization and visualization. We also lean quite heavily on research focused on branding, especially branding for media corporations. The nature of the study is quantitative and we have studied three Swedish newspapers Svenska Dagbladet, Aftonbladet and Expressen. We have coded all the respective newspapers opinion material and plugs, everything that mentions the material in the paper or other media forms, for individual journalists. In total 1041 units of analysis data has been collected and analysed. Our results show that there is an increase in the amount of mentioning of individual journalists in plugs, both stand-alone and in context of other articles. In 2012 we saw almost 5 times as many as in 2000. The big majority of these were to columns and other opinionated material. To our surprise, however, we found have found no signs that opinionated material is used to promote the work of the newspapers own journalists in any greater extent.

In this study, we research how Islam and muslims are portrayed in Rapport, the highest rated daily news broadcast in Swedish television. We have done this by applying the Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA) to our material, news reports of April 2014. The theoretical basis of this report derive from theories concerning islamophobia. These are theories that state how unfounded hostility towards Islam result in various forms of discrimination against muslims throughout society. Our premise has been that language and media constitute how the public perceive the world and their own place within it. In effect, a unilateral media portrayal of islam and muslims will produce and reproduce negative conceptions of muslims. To analyze how islam is represented in Rapport we have applied four analytical themes on our material: content and subject, muslims in society, language and imagery, islam and stereotypes. Our results show that the news reports with a muslim connection were homogenous and consisted mostly of news from abroad. Most of the reports had a negative spin, concerning violence, terrorist organisations, child marriage, refugees, murders of journalists and prisoners with a death sentence. Prior studies about the portrayal of muslims in news broadcasting have had similar results as our, both internationally and in Sweden. The result of the analysis indicate that Rapport apply their own diversity plan, created to avoid stereotypical portrayals of ethnic and religious groups. At the same it seems islamophobic tendencies are altogether to be found in Rapport’s news reporting. Considering that the Swedes have less negative attitudes towards Islam today, than 25 years ago, the media image should be more diversified.

We live in a segregated world. Power, money and hierarchies determine your circumstances in life as well as your ability to appear in and take advantage of the media. Research reports have for decades described how the media is part of creating a discourse that produces and reproduces a stereotypical image of the suburb and its inhabitants. From the first images of the suburb as the ”modern otherness” in the 1960s, we are today facing the description of socially and economically troubled neighbourhoods as synonymous with a fuzzy concept of immigrants and an unspecified threat against ”us”. Through choice of words and organization of texts we create an ”us” and ”them” – we, who are inside, in the center, we who are the norm and included, in contrast to the other, who is frightened, different and outside.