Authors: Alice Nilsson & Ida Österberg
Title: A fragment of reality – The view of the world presented in P3 Nyheter and Ekot
Language: Swedish
Level: Bachelor of Journalism
Location: University of Gothenburg
Number of pages: 43
The world presented through media cannot be a replica of the reality. Before the news reaches the audience, it has been evaluated and processed through various people and newsrooms.
Journalists have a significant power in influencing the audience’s view of the world, since research shows that media can affect the audience regarding which topics that are worth discussing. P3 Nyheter and Ekot are two public service-based news programs, reaching the whole nation of Sweden. P3 Nyheter’s targeted audience is people between 20-34 years of age, meanwhile there is no specific targeted audience for Ekot.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the view of the world presented by P3 Nyheter and Ekot. The raised questions investigate the content of the programs regarding main subject
area, actors and scene. How do the selected news programs evaluate the news, in terms of disposition and time? And what similarities and differences are there, in relation to previous
questions, between the selected news programs?
The material consists of news from 20 broadcasts, from each news program. The method used in the study is a quantitative content analysis and the results are presented in percent of total
air time. The results show that the view of the world, supplied through the news, differs. P3 Nyheter covers a geographically larger area of the world, at the same time as three quarters of
the news has Sweden as scene. P3 Nyheter includes a small amount of news topics concerning young people, such as education and unemployment. The news is short and the pace is quick.
Ekot on the other hand, has less news in total and 50 percent of the news has Sweden as scene. Ekot spends more time than P3 Nyheter on foreign news, but almost exclusively on news from countries which are geographically and culturally close to Sweden.
Our conclusions are that Ekot allows a deeper analysis in the news, while P3 Nyheter’s view of the world expands since it covers the world to a greater extent.
Keywords: view of the world, subject area, actor, scene, P3 Nyheter, Ekot, quantative content analysis, public service.
Nyckelord: världsbild, ämnesområde, aktör, skådeplats, P3 Nyheter, Ekot, kvantitativ innehållsanalys, public service.

This study wants to find out how the image of the refugee issue is percieved by studying swedish newspapers editorial. The recent year, discussion about immigration and refugees has been a leading subject in swedish media, because of the many refugees who seeked shelter in Europe. Discussion about how editorials have debated matters surrounding the refugee issue has also been on the agenda. As we often refer to media as the fourth estate, it is important to scrutinize those who beholds an important position in our democratic society.
The study has been executed by using the qualitative textual analysis model ECA (Ethnographic Content Analysis). We have chosen the five biggest newspapers in Sweden with editorial material for our study, which are: Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Göteborgs-Posten and Svenska Dagbladet. We startad off by reading all main editorials written during autumn 2015 to january the following year, to clarify how many editorials that had the refugee issue as main subject. We then chosed three topics for qualitative analysis using aspects of hegemony and the agenda setting theory.
The results after analyzing showed that the image portrayed in editorial was a country in system collapse, an image where the refugees is a contributing factor to why institutions in Sweden are in crisis. The refugee issue is often referred to from a political point of view. The image of the refugee is someone who is not blameworthy for acting wrong, it is rather the external factors, such as swedish migration policies, that are causing the misbehavior. The image given, when writers describe the refugee issue debate, a polarization between two sides emerges. One side condemns those who speak of refugees, and is against directing critisism at the different aspects of the refugee issue. On the other side are those who use acts of terror to create stereotypes of immigrants and refugees as terrorists and jihadists.
Key words: ledare, flyktingfrågan, flyktingar, debatt, immigration, systemkollaps, editorial, the refugee issue, system collapse, debate, migration, refugee

In this study we have explored how the refugee situation in the late summer and early autumn of 2015 has been reported in Swedish newspapers. This has been done by using the qualitative textual analysis Ethnographic content analysis, ECA. Our theoretical points of departure are framing theories, stereotyping and discursive discrimination. We have investigated if, and if so: what way, the media discourse changed after the pictures of the drowned syrian boy Alan Kurdi went viral. To do so, we compared the reporting between Swedens four biggest newspapers during four days before the pictures were published and four days after, 30/8-7/9. To be able to analyze the journalistic texts, we found our material to contain six different themes: commitment, humanity, refuge, analysis, the conflict between for and against accepting refugees and the impact of the picture.
We found that the reporting after the problem with the refugee situation was more often definded as integration. Also the publication was more often based on individuals instead of groups. The refugee wasn´t as often a number and a group of people, but could also be a specific person with it´s own story and words. One of those individuals were Alan Kurdi, and the picture of him also gave our material a new theme – the impact of the picture. The picture was mentioned as important and as one that would change the opinion among the public and the politicians, and therefore change the course of the crisis. After the picture was published, the journalistists also, to a greater extent, called on the politicians and the public for help and to open their hearts to the refugees.
Nyckelord: Flyktingsituation, flyktingkris, flykting, media, ECA-metoden

Title: “Wir schaffen das!”

– A comparative analysis of German and Swedish nationwide press during the refugee crisis in 2015.
Authors: Emil Salmaso and John Falkirk

Subject: Undergraduate research paper in journalism studies, Dept. of journalism, media and communication

(JMG) Gothenburg University

Term: Spring 2016

Supervisor: Mathias A. Färdigh, JMG, Gothenburg University

Pages/words: 47/24571

Purpose: To examine differences between Swedish and German nationwide press in the coverage of political leaders during the refugee crisis in 2015.

Method: Qualitative text analysis

Procedure: In-depth analysis of ten newspaper articles, five from the German paper Süddeutsche Zeitung and five from the Swedish paper Dagens Nyheter.

Results: The results broadly correspond with earlier comparative findings about media culture and systems. Dagens Nyheter was both critically investigative and analytical, which puts them
in-between a liberal Anglo-Saxon and a North European democratic-corporative tradition.
Süddeutsche Zeitung appeared not to have the same aim as the Swedish paper regarding impartiality and a critical point of view, putting them closer to a pluralistic and partisan tradition.
Key words:
Comparing media systems, framing, media culture, media history, news rhetoric, Süddeutsche
Zeitung, Dagens Nyheter, Hallin & Mancini, Frank Esser

The purpose of this essay is to study the gender representation in Swedish music magazines currently. Through quantitative content analysis we studied the gender representation in terms of text, writers and images. In addition, we analysed the images in order to study possible differences in the way of which women and men are portrayed regarding gender displays.
The magazines studied in this essay are the Swedish music magazines Gaffa and Sonic, Sweden’s two biggest music magazines that cover multiple music genres. The study includes the editorial content of the magazines during the time period of February 2015 to March 2016. The total amount of analysed articles is 262.
The main result of the study shows that 65,3 percent of the analysed content in the magazines highlights male musicians, which is a compared to the 34,4 percent of the articles that concerned female musicians. Furthermore, we found that 78,6 percent of the articles were written by male writers, compared to 17,9 percent of the articles written by female writers alone.
Additionally, in the analysis of images in the music press we found slight differences in the portraying of the genders. The results indicate that women in pictures tend to smile and keep eye contact with the camera to a greater extent than men. This is both in accordance with and in contradiction with previous research. However, these differences were too small to be deemed significant.
The results of this study confirm what previous research has stated; that music journalism as well as the music industry remain male domains.
Key words: music, journalism, gender representation, Gaffa, Sonic

This study examines the diversity amongst podcasters in Sweden using Bourdieu’s theories on field and capital. To examine who gets heard in the medium, we have used the iTunes top chart for podcasts. Totally we have studied 136 podcasts. We chose the theme for this study partly because we, the authors, listen to a lot of podcasts and one of us even produces one. Podcasts are seen as an open media, where anyone with an internet connection and a good idea can produce and distribute their own show. Because of this notion, while listening to podcast, we reacted to what seemed to be an overrepresentation of white men. We wanted to see if this really was the case, and if so, why?
Our results show that the composition of people on the iTunes top chart is very homogeneous. There is an overrepresentation of men in the age of 20-35 and an underrepresentation of non-whites and homosexuals. Our study also shows a geographical concentration around the capital of Sweden, Stockholm, where almost 80 percent of podcasts on the top chart is produced. There is also a majority of people in the podcast field that are famous or have prior experience in media production.
We trace this skewed representation by applying Bourdieu’s theories and regarding the Swedish podcast medium as a field acting homological to the media-field and the field of power. This means that already existing social structures in the media-field are likely to reproduce in the podcast field, making already dominant social agents in the former more likely to dominate the latter. Our study shows that even though the podcast is characterized by a more informal, conversational style and an aura of openness, it reflects little in a real shift of power regarding who gets heard in the public sphere.
Keywords: podcast, pod, representation, diversity, Bourdieu, field theory

The purpose of this study is to examine the diversity among Swedish journalism students and compare that result with journalists in general and also with the public. Our definition of diversity and the parts that we examined in this study is gender or transgender identity, ethnicity, religion or other beliefs, physical or mental disabilites, sexual orientation, age, place where one grew up, class background, parents ethnicity and political views.
There is a lot of research about the diversity among journalists in Sweden, and also about the diversity among students in general but not a lot about the journalism students. Therefore we wanted to fill this research gap. Journalistunderökningen (the journalist survey) from 2011 was our starting point and the research that we compared our own results with. In order to find out more about the journalism students we designed our own online survey, with a lot of the same questions as in Journalistundersökningen, which we emailed to different schools, both Universities and Community Colleges. We got 216 answers from students all over Sweden.
To help us understand our results we used Pierre Bourdieu’s theories about social fields and how different kinds of capital put you in different locations in a certain field. We also used theories from the sociology to understand how people develop and gets acclimated to their surroundings.
Our results, which are only trends and indicative results because of the low response rate, tell us that not much has changed or will change in the nearest future about what kind of persons become journalists. Journalism students are very much like the active journalists in pretty much everything except from free time activities where the students may drink and party a little bit more, which can be explained from the fact that they are students and therefor generally a little bit younger . Other than that both groups look very much alike, in everything from political views to ethnicity.
Our conclusion is therefore that there is still a lot to be done to help the diversity grow among journalists and the place to start is with the journalism students. But how can that be done?

That’s a great starting point for a new study.

Key words: journalism students, diversity, social fields, socialisation, homogenity

Nyckelord: journaliststudenter, mångfald, sociala fält, socialisation, homogenitet

Authors: Oskar Dahlgren, Madeleine Gartéus, Mohamed Yussuf
Title: When does a lone madman become a terrorist? – a quantitative content analysis on how media describes loneoffenders of violence with connections to ideology.
Level: Bachelor in Journalism
Location: Gothenburg University
Language: Swedish
Number of pages: 39
The purpose of this study is to analyze how Swedish printed media reported from three different acts of violence, and if (and how) they described the offenders as terrorists. The study is based on printed editions of the Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter
and Svenska Dagbladet. The study is set on analyzing the initial seven days related to the issue of each offender.
The study will display how the offenders were described by each of the Swedish newspapers, and if they were described as terrorists. If not, the study will display how they were described instead. Mainly, the study will focus on whether the religious and ideological beliefs play a role in medias use of the word terrorist.
The study is a quantitative content analysis, containing a total number of 242 articles, and is based on news evaluationand
media framing theory.
The result shows that there are some differences between how the media use the word terrorism based on international and national terrorism.
The most usual description based on our results is that Lundin Pettersson is a right wing extremist, while Abdulwahab is a terrorist with a deviant perception of reality.
Keywords: terrorism, madman, news evaluation, Swedish media, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet.
Nyckelord: terrorism, galning, nyhetsvärdering, svensk media, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet.