The aim with this study was to investigate two established newspapers from Sweden and USA, more specifically Aftonbladet and USA Today. We wanted to see how these newspapers portray articles about climate change, which of the articles they chose to post on Facebook and their readers’ comments on the posts.

The study’s aim allowed us to analyze the interaction between the two newspapers and their consumers to see whether there exist any specific traits in Aftonbladet’s and USA Today’s way of constructing Facebook publications that result in a polarized discussion in the comment fields. Could the newspaper’s Facebook publications function as an arena to climate sceptics to openly express their opinions?

We worked with a combination of a quantitative content analysis and a qualitative text analysis to get our results. We estimated that this would be the best way to answer our question formulations and hypotheses. Our analyzing objects were articles about climate change published on Aftonbladet and USA Today during 2017 as well as Facebook posts with links to those climate articles and the audiences’ comments on the posts.

Initially our main hypothesis was that USA Today would publish, both on the website and on Facebook, more articles with a sceptic angle compared to Aftonbladet. We also believed that there would be far more skeptical comments in posts from USA Today. The results show that Aftonbladet had more skeptical comments, although USA Today, had a higher percentage of articles with a sceptic angle.

When analyzing the results, we discovered that articles published with a sceptic angel generated acknowledging response in the comment field and vice versa. How the newspapers choose to frame their articles have a vital impact on how the audience perceive the information.

The result of the essay allows us to draw the conclusion that Facebook publications made by newspapers can function as an arena of discussion to climate sceptics. It also shows that newspapers way of framing their Facebook publications create a significant effect on how the reactions and comments will turn out. The audience does not solely comment on the posts, they oppose.

This study explores how the brand of a newspaper affects the perception of credibility for the content in the article. The idea was to compare a morning paper which the audience generally has a bigger trust in with a tabloid paper that is often perceived as less credible. The study includes articles from the morning paper Dagens Nyheter and the tabloid Aftonbladet.

Large parts of the study are based on previous research on media trust made by Maria Elliot and Oscar Westlund. According to their theories, aspects such as use, knowledge and expectations are factors that can affect trust in general and in media. In addition we also thought that the brand should be amongst these factors and added the expression brand credibility. Our intention was to investigate these aspects to try to find out what it is that affects weather an article is perceived as credible or not.

To do this, we conducted an experiment where 132 participants read an article from Dagens Nyheter or Aftonbladet, either with the brand visible or not. They were asked to answer questions about their media habits and their trust in media. After reading the article they answered questions about the article and whether they perceived it as credible or not.

Unfortunately, our study doesn’t show any clear results. The majority did perceive the content of the articles as credible, regardless of the newspapers´ brand. What we could see was when the brand was visible, people tended to perceive the content of the article as less credible. The results also show that the brands impact was different for Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet. Despite the low level of trust in Aftonbladet most of the participants perceived the article from Aftonbladet as credible. Also the majority of the ones who read the article from Dagens Nyheter perceived it as credible. Furthermore, they had a high level of trust in Dagens Nyheter despite low usage.

Also when we examined the factors age and gender we discovered that the brands had different impacts. We could see that younger people tend to have a greater trust in the articles from Aftonbladet, whether the brand was visible or not. For the older participants it was the opposite. They perceived the article as less credible when the brand was visible.

Purpose: The main purpose is to examine how four Swedish political commentators lives up to the ideal of objectivity.
Method: Quantitative content analysis

Procedure: Coded all articles produced in printed press during 2017 by political commentators Ewa Stenberg (Dagens Nyheter), Göran Eriksson (Svenska Dagbladet), Lena Mellin
(Aftonbladet) and K-G Bergström (Expressen). Analyzed the results by developments of Jörgen Westerståls model of objectivity and applying framing theory to see what tendencies we could find regarding objectivity.

Results: Results are pointing to that there are a great deal of coverage that live up to the ideal of objectivity, but there are some concerns. We find that the display of politics as a game and the imbalance between parties concerning this question are pointing to a lack of objectivity. Although we would say that the Swedish political commentators strive to uphold the objectivity, they need to work harder to uphold it in the future
and strive to help the citizens understand the complexity of Swedish politics in a better way.

This bachelor thesis is an analytical quantitative content analysis of the media’s reporting of the Swedish government’s decision to move several authorities from Stockholm to other parts of the country. The main purpose of the study was to examine the media’s approach and discourse in the articles, and to find out whether there is a norm, that the media is taking a Stockholm-point-of-view in the reporting.

Through collecting written articles by Swedish web-based news media concerning the relocation of governmental authorities between June 2016 and April 2018, in total 1129 articles, we can draw conclusions about what picture that met the public. We analysed the material after content and perspective as well as the articles valuation of the relocation. We could then discuss the reasons behind the results and how they affect the reader.

We find that most of the articles published are written by TT news agency. We also find many signs of a Stockholm norm in their reporting, writing from Stockholm with people from Stockholm being interviewed, using their point of views and values. The media in the areas to where a government authority was being moved did point out positive local aspects of the decisions, but also came with different criticism then national media. These local perspectives tend to not reach the rest of the country and most readers get a one-sided picture of the decision to relocate authorities. This picture is that the government does this to get closer to the citizens and stop the centralization to Stockholm, but that the relocation itself is problematic and painful for both the authority and the people working there and at the same time an expensive solution for the citizens. The reporting tends to stop there and not do a follow up in the city to where the authority was relocated. In the end this risk to create a distance between the centre/Stockholm and the periphery/rest of the country. A sense that there is an us- versus them, a difference between people and the way they see the world.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to determine if gender-typing occurs in the editorial pages of five of Sweden’s biggest daily newspapers on two levels; the
composition of the editorial desk and the subjects which male and female editorial journalists write about.

Method: Quantitative content analysis. Procedure: We have used Moss Kanter’s theory about gender-typing and Löfgren
Nilsson’s theory about hard subjects that are traditionally covered by male journalists and soft subjects that are traditionally covered by female journalists to analyse 177
editorial articles from Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Aftonbladet, Svenska Dagbladet and Göteborgs-Posten.

Results: Gender-typing does not occur in the editorial pages of analysed newspapers, neither in the composition of the editorial desk nor in the subjects which male and female journalists write about. However, we found strong tendencies that women still cover more of the soft subjects than men and men cover the biggest part of the hard subjects.

This study investigates how journalists, working at public service, are affected by clicks and statistics when they implement their professional news judgement. Today, tracking
the online audience allows journalists to see what kind of news the audience discuss on social media and what news they read or listen to at the medias website.

Theories about news judgement, media logic and gatekeeping has been central for this research paper.

In order to investigate the subject of matter quality interviews with journalist working at Sveriges Radio were carried out.

A total of 11 interviews were implemented showing that clicks and statistics do affect journalists in ways of presenting news on the webb. When comparing this study to recent science of news judgement both similarities and differences were found, but a main result was that journalists working at public service did mainly use statistics to evaluate how the presentation was recieved by the audience and how it could be done even better. When they valued news the statistics had some impact according to some journalists, but mainly when publishing on the web, and in general the statistics did not play a big part in their every day news judgement.

This bachelor thesis in journalism explores how gender and gender roles are being portrayed in profile interviews in the two Swedish lifestyle magazines Elle and Café. Elle is a magazine that is marketed towards women, and Café is a magazine marketed towards men. In every issue, there is a
profile interview portraying a famous person. These are the texts that are being analyzed.

The theories that the study is based upon are gender theory and framing theory. The gender theories that are used are theories about masculine and feminine stereotypes and theories about performance, the heterosexual matrix and subversive acts. With the method of qualitative textual analysis, this study explores how the person in the profile interview is portrayed and if there are any differences in portraiture based on the gender of the person. It also explores if there are any frames that reoccur throughout the texts and if there is anything outside of the gender norms or any subversive acts that are being portrayed.

The main results show that there are no subversive acts represented in the profile interviews. The results also show that the men often are portrayed as sensitive: they get to talk about subjects that are not commonly associated with interviews about men, and that the women often are portrayed as strong: they are described as confident and authoritative and they also get to voice their opinions about subjects such as feminism.

The aim of this study has been to evaluate how the extensive language research concerning masculine and feminine textual production in general applies to the less extensive researched
journalistically produced material. We also evaluated whether and how this derives from and applies to gender studies regarding men and women as socio-cultural structural beings, where men are seen as the norm and women porters to the norm – a gender contract.

Much of our work has evolved around the production of so-called hard and soft news, which historically and culturally are assigned masculine and feminine attributes; men are writing the hard news, in a hard way, and women are writing the soft news, in a soft way. Through a critical discourse analysis we applied specific extracts from the language research to articles
categorised as such, and compared the results to each other to see if it was applicable to the generalised theoretical view of male and female textual production.

One of the main results show that much of gender research made on general textual representation is not applicable to journalistically produced material. In contrast, we made other
findings such as how men and women adapt to different kinds of material and categories, where men adapt to the female way of writing when producing soft news, and women do not adapt to the male norm when producing hard news.

Interesting to note is, this shows that women are making a change to the gender contract by not making a change when entering the male area. That said, there might be variables that have a greater impact on the production of journalistic material than gender, such as professional procedures, technology, organisational issues, market conditions and cultural and political contexts. Whereas the only real conclusion we can draw from the results of our analysis in relation to our previous research and theory is that more angles are needed to understand how gender affects journalistic material than through classical gender lines.

This study is however important because it puts light upon the gender effects of journalistic products, and by locating possible differences and putting them in contrast to notions of
masculine and feminine writing, we provide the industry with the opportunity to reflect upon, and initiate, change. We also pave the way for further research in this area, to further understand the complexity that constitutes the contract between the sexes and how it evolves and constantly changes over time.

The aim of this paper is to examine what ideals in journalism a young audience prefer: a more opinionated journalism or a more objective journalism? The main purpose is not to get a final result of what the majority of the audience would choose but more importantly why they would prefer one genre over the other. We want to get an idea of what arguments they
have regarding if the future of journalism should be more or less opinionated.

The method used in this paper is a qualitative study using a survey and a focus group conversation. The respondents consist of eighteen third grade high school students studying media. Their opinions have been analysed using theories such as the method of identification.

In this paper we have used the Uses and Gradifications theory to understand how and why people choose actively certain media to satisfy their needs. We have also used the Social Identity theory which discusses that our behaviors and our attitudes tends to get affected by other people when we are in a group. The theory states that the groups attitudes and norms affects the individual even in other contexts outside the group.

The results show that the respondents had different arguments but that the majority of these, although most based on different reasons, were negative towards opinionated journalism. The majority of the respondents articulated that they do not trust opinionated journalism as much as objective journalism. Furthermore the respondents would prefer a future media with less opinionated journalism.

The purpose of this study is to examine the media portrayal of public couples going through adivorce. The examined newspapers are the Swedish tabloids Aftonbladet and Expressen. The used method is a quantitative content analysis, in which we have analyzed 221 articles, all regarding a public couples divorce. All of the selected six couples are heterosexual, since our study is based on the heterosexual norm.

We have examined how much space the woman and the man receive, who gets the most quotes and whether the man or woman is mentioned the most times. We have also examined
the gender of the journalist, to see if that makes any difference in the portrayal according to the different genders. These aspects of our study are connected to the theory of framing.

We have also examined who talks the most about their children, who gets mentioned connected to their work and who talks about appearance. Also who is portrayed as
emotionally weak, strong and neutral. These aspects of our study is connected to Yvonne Hirdman’s theory about the gender contract.

Our results has shown that the woman gets more space in the articles. It is also clear that the man does not get that much space we thought he would, according to theory. The man is
more often neutral, meaning that he does not show as much emotion as the woman. It is more common that the women talks about children. We also noticed that the journalists gender has no impact on the portrayal of the different genders.

In conclusion we mean that our study both confirm and contradict the stereotypes we wanted to investigate. Some, as the one with the women being the one who talks the most about children, is strengthened by theory. Some, as the man being the strong one, is not.